The Holocaust was the attempt by the Nazis and their collaborators to murder all the Jews in Europe. From the time they assumed power in Germany in 1933, the Nazis used propaganda, persecution, and legislation to deny human and civil rights to German Jews. Eva Clarke was born in 1945 in the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria and weighed just 3 lb, three days after Eva was born, the camp her mother was in was liberated by American soldiers, so her mother and Eva returned to Czechoslovakia and then, after her mother remarried, settled in Cardiff.